Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale
The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) is a 7-point clinician-rated ordinal scale that measures the severity of swallowing dysfunction and functional swallowing outcomes across two dimensions: safety (penetration-aspiration risk) and efficiency (oral intake adequacy and diet level tolerance). Developed by O'Neil and colleagues in 1999, DOSS integrates clinical observation with videofluoroscopic findings to provide a standardized, functionally meaningful classification of swallowing status from normal to non-functional.
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- O'Neil, K. H., Purdy, M., Falk, J., & Gidas, L. (1999). The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale. Dysphagia, 14(3), 139–145. · DOI 10.1007/PL00009595
- Kuipers, P., & Daniels, S. K. (2000). Dysphagia Management in Stroke Patients. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 2(5), 529–536. · URL
- Pauloski, B. R., Logemann, J. A., Colangelo, L. A., et al. (2001). Surgical Variables Affecting Functional Outcomes in Oropharyngeal Myocutaneous Flap Reconstruction. Head & Neck, 23(3), 175–185. · URL
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